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.Lewis, The Morgan Affair, 1966 typescript, Niagara County Historical Society andLockport Public Library, Lockport, N.Y.22 For more details regarding Genesee and other counties, see Formisano and Ku-tolowski, Antimasonry and Masonry, 154 56.Regarding the guilty pleas, seeStone, Letters, 214 15, 218 19.Frederick Whittlesey, a Rochester editor who was atfirst hesitant about Anti-Masonry, later recalled Masons not aiding the investiga-tion; ridiculing and justifying the crime; boasting of their influence with judges,250 Notes to Pages 97 99 sheriffs, jurors, and witnesses; and taunting investigators inability to punish any-one.See Political Antimasonry, in Hammond, History of Political Parties, 2:373.23 Stone, Letters, 226 27, 263 65, 535 37, quotation, 537.The Introduction to theAnti-Masons printing of The Trial of James Lackey, Isaac Everton, Chauncey H.Coe.[et al.] for Kidnapping Capt.William Morgan.At the Ontario General Sessions, Held at Canan-daigua, Ontario County, Aug.22, 1827 (New York, 1827), 4, mentions the comforts pro-vided imprisoned conspirators. 24 Formisano and Kutolowski, Antimasonry and Masonry, 151 52, Spencer quota-tion, 152.Regarding the widespread belief in Morgan s murder by December 1826,see the report of comments of the judge of Common Pleas Court for Monroe County,in Geneva Gazette and General Advertiser, December 13, 1826, American Antiquarian So-ciety, Worcester, Mass.In 1827 the thirty-nine-year-old Spencer had been appointedwith two other lawyers to revise the statutes of New York.In 1831 when Alexis deTocqueville and his friend Gustave de Beaumont visited Spencer at his Canandai-gua Lake home, de Beaumont wrote that he found Spencer the most distinguishedman yet I have met in America. See Elizabeth Bruchholtz Haigh, New York Anti-masons, 1826 1833 (Ph.D.diss., University of Rochester, 1980), 252, 295.Haigh sis an exceptionally useful dissertation.25 Formisano and Kutolowski, Antimasonry and Masonry, 156 57.Anti-Masons toldthe legislature that while New York law harshly punished the kidnapping of blacks,with a fine of up to $2,000 and up to fourteen years hard labor, no real punishmentexisted for kidnapping whites.The 1827 law made kidnapping a felony punishableby three to fourteen years hard labor (Haigh, New York Antimasons, 172 73,184).26 Batavia Republican Advocate, September 15, 22, October 6, 20, 1826.Regarding theRochester committee, see Batavia Republican Advocate, December 29, 1826; and Fred-erick Whittlesey, Book of Clippings and Handwritten Items Regarding the MorganAbduction, Local History, Rochester Public Library, Rochester, N.Y.For various re-ported meetings in the region see Batavia Republican Advocate, October 18, December8, 1826, January 5, 14, 17, 19, March 2, 30, 1827.Bullock, Revolutionary Brotherhood,280, 294, agrees that protests did not begin as an attempt to overthrow Masonryand that Masonic intransigence led to a broader movement against it.27 Regarding a February 21 meeting in Middlebury, Genesee County, see Henry Brown,A Narrative of the Excitement in Western New York (Batavia, N.Y.: Adams and McCleary,1829), 116 17; for other meetings, see ibid., 117 18; Batavia Republican Advocate, June29, July 20, August 3, 31, September 7, 14, 1827; and Rochester Album, July 31, 1827.The failure of Masonic moderates is revealed by the fate of Rochester s MorganCommittee, formed in December.The non-Masons on the committee soon learnedthat the Masonic members were relaying confidential discussions to the Rochester-area lodges (Formisano and Kutolowski, Antimasonry and Masonry, 161).28 Benson, Concept of Jacksonian Democracy, 22, 21; Rochester Balance, October 1, 1827.29 Benson, Concept of Jacksonian Democracy, 9; Robert O.Rupp, Social Tensions and Po-litical Mobilization in Jacksonian Society: A Case Study of the Antimasonic Party inNew York, Pennsylvania, and Vermont, 1827 1840 (Ph.D.diss., Syracuse Univer-sity, 1983), 41 42, 46 48.Notes to Pages 99 102 251 30 Benson, Concept of Jacksonian Democracy, 9 10.For reaction against the Bucktails as the party, see Albert Haller Tracy to Thurlow Weed, November 29, 1825, WeedPapers, Rush Rhees Library, University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y.31 Hanyan and Hanyan point out that the 1823 People s Party New York City candidatestended to be lawyers, merchants, and involved in finance more than their Bucktailopponents
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