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.The FCC must approve any substantial changes in own-ership or control of a cellular/PCS license.Noncontrollinginterests in an entity that holds a license or operates cellu- CITIZENS BAND RADIO SERVICE 55lar/PCS networks generally may be bought or sold withoutprior FCC approval.In addition, the FCC now requires onlypostconsummation notification of certain pro forma assign-ments or transfers of control.All licenses are granted for 10-year terms.Licenses maybe revoked if any FCC rules are violated.Licenses may berenewed for additional 10-year terms.Renewal applicationsare not subject to spectrum auctions.Third parties, however,may oppose renewal applications.SummaryNo other technology has taken the world by storm quite likecellular except, perhaps, the Internet.Cellular systems haveexpanded beyond providing voice communication to support-ing more sophisticated applications, such as Internet accessfor electronic mail and accessing Web content.New Internet-enabled cellular phones feature larger displays that helpmake them all-purpose communications appliances.It hasreached the point where cellular service is as necessary forthe average consumer as for mobile professionals.See alsoCalling Party PaysCellular Data CommunicationsCellular TelephonesCode Division Multiple AccessPersonal Communications ServiceTime Division Multiple AccessCITIZENS BAND RADIO SERVICECITIZENS BAND RADIO SERVICECitizens Band (CB) Radio Service is a two-way voice commu-nication service for use in personal and business activities. 56 CITIZENS BAND RADIO SERVICEThe service uses 40 channels in the assigned frequency rangeof 26.965 to 27.405 MHz, and the effective communicationdistance is 1 to 5 miles.An FCC license is not required to usethis service.CB Rule 3 provides users with all the authoritythey need to operate a CB unit in places where the FCC reg-ulates radio communications, as long as an unmodified FCC-accepted CB unit is used.An FCC-accepted unit has anidentifying label placed on it by the manufacturer.There isno age or citizenship requirement for using this service.1CB users may use an on-the-air pseudonym or handle oftheir own choosing and may operate their CB units within theterritorial limits of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, andthe Caribbean and Pacific insular areas.Users also may oper-ate their CB units on or over any other area of the world,except within the territorial limits of areas where radio com-munications are regulated by another agency of the UnitedStates or within the territorial limits of any foreign govern-ment.In addition, users can use their CB units in Canada,subject to the rules of the Canadian Department ofCommunications.The power output of the CB unit may not be raised, sinceraising the level of radio noise would be unfair to the otherusers sharing a channel.Users also must not attach a linearamplifier or any other type of power amplifier to their CB unitor modify the unit internally.Doing so cancels its type accep-tance, and the user forfeits his or her authorization to use it.There are no height restrictions for antennas mounted onvehicles or for hand-held units.For structures, the highestpoint of the antenna must not be more than 20 feet above thehighest point of the building or tree on which it is mountedor 60 feet above the ground.There are lower height limits ifthe antenna structure is located within 2 miles of an airport.No CB channel is assigned to any specific individual ororganization.Any of the 40 CB channels can be used on a1The only caveat to CB Rule 3 in this regard is that the user cannot be a foreign gov-ernment, a representative of a foreign government, or a federal government agency.Ofcourse, if the FCC has issued a cease and desist order, that person cannot be a CB user. CITIZENS BAND RADIO SERVICE 57 take turns basis.Since CB channels are shared, coopera-tion among users is essential; communications should beshort, with conversations never more than 5 minutes con-tinuously.Users should wait at least 1 minute before start-ing another communication.Channel 9 should only be usedfor emergency communications or for traveler assistance.Ten-Codes Ten-codes is abbreviations of common questions and answersused on all types of radio communication
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