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. Greatly excessive means that, in a particular year, the corresponding an-nual qi (i.e., the qi associated with its period) manifests itself rather violentlyin the climatic changes.For example, when in a year associated with the an-nual period soil, soil period qi is greatly excessive, then the overall climateof that year is prevalence of rain and dampness, because the climate cor-responding to soil is dampness.The illnesses brought forth are mainly thoseassociated with water and dampness or with the spleen and the stomach.On the other hand, when the soil period qi is inadequate in a year asso-ciated with soil, not only are the climatic characteristics such that the qi ofwater and dampness is diminished; even more important, because the soilqi is inadequate, wood overcomes the soil.Hence the climate during that Unschuld,Huang Di nei jing 12/2/02 1:34 PM Page 410410 appendixyear exhibits the characteristics of a wood period qi; that is, wind prevailsexcessively. Su wen 69 lists the relationships between the climatic changes in years ofinadequate and greatly excessive periods, on the one hand, and the emer-gence of illnesses, on the other.For example:If in a year [associated with wood] there is great excess [of the qi] of wood,wind qi spreads [everywhere].The spleen, [which is] soil, receives evil.People suffer fromoutflow of [undigested] meals and they eat less.Their bodies are heavy.[They suffer from] vexation and grievance, intestinal sounds, and proppingfullness in the abdomen.Jupiter corresponds above.18When [the excess of the qi of wood] is severe, then[the patients] are confused and they tend to become angry.Vertigo and peak illness occur.The policy of the qi of transformation (i.e., the qi of soil) is not enacted;the qi of generation (i.e., the qi of wood) governs alone.[As a result,] cloudy things fly by.Herbs and trees are kept in constant motion.In severe cases, they are shaken and fall down.[Illnesses] contrary [to normal are]:pain in the flanks and severe vomiting.If [in such cases the movement in the vessels at the] Surging Yang [hole] is in-terrupted, [the patient] will die and cannot be treated.Venus corresponds above.19The statements on all the other greatly excessive and inadequate annual pe-riods follow this pattern.2.4.Host (zhuD) Periods, Visitor (ke») Periods, and the Five Steps ( buB)The seven comprehensive discourses refer to hosts and visitors only.Thecomplete designations zhu yun and ke yun do not appear in the Su wen.The underlying metaphor of host and visitor is that a host is the regularoccupant of a residence, whereas visitors come and go at irregular intervalsand may not be expected.In the doctrine of the five periods and six qi, eachyear is seen as marked by a procession of five steps of equal length.Eachstep, in turn, is associated with a specific host. This host is responsible forthe regular climatic condition for the entire time it is in charge.The sequenceof the hosts responsible for the climate during each step is identical year af- Unschuld,Huang Di nei jing 12/2/02 1:34 PM Page 411appendix 411Diagram 9.The Sequence of the Major and Minor Tonester year.The initial host is the period wood, the second is fire, the third issoil, the fourth is metal, and the fifth is water.However, hosts (and visitors) are not named after the five agents; they,like the annual periods in Su wen 71, are named after the five musical tones.Hence the initial period is designated as jue, followed by zhi (fire), gong (soil),shang (metal), and yu (water).Each individual step in the course of the year is associated not only witha host but also with a visitor.Visitors are identified as being responsible forabnormal changes in the climate of the five seasons of each year.In contrastto the hosts, the arrival of the visitors differs from year to year.The initial visitor period, that is, the period associated with the first of thetotal of five steps, is always identical to the annual period.For example, inthe first year of the cycle of sixty years, that is, in a jia zi year, the annual pe-riod is yang and soil because the celestial stem of that year is jia, and jia isyang.In this year the initial visitor period is yang soil too.A yang-soil visitoris designated as major gong. The remaining four visitors follow the gener-ation sequence of the five agents.Ji si and ji hai years, too, are associated with soil periods.Ji, however, is a Unschuld,Huang Di nei jing 12/2/02 1:34 PM Page 412412 appendixyin stem.Hence these two years are years of inadequacy; they are designatedas minor gong, and so is their initial visitor period.Because of their asso-ciation with the ten celestial stems, the sequence of visitor periods repeatsitself after ten years.The sequence of the five tones is identical to that of their correspondingfive periods.The combination of the five tones with major and minor follows the rule that major and minor generate each other (see diagram 9).Hence in the circular sequence of the five tones, major and minor ar-rive alternately: major jue minor zhi major gong minor shang major yuminor jue major zhi minor gong major shang minor yu major jue andso on.2.5
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